From 1776 until the 1865 passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, legal slavery existed in the United States of America. Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans. From early 1526, it was practiced in Britain's colonies, including the thirteen American Colonies which formed the United States. In 1789, the U.S. Congress assigned making relations with Native American to the newly formed War Department.
From August 31, 1803, to September 25, 1806 the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed newly acquired western portions of North America after the Louisiana Purchase. President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the expedition to explore and map the newly acquired territory, and to establish an American presence in this territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it.
By 1806 the U.S. Congress created a Superintendent of Indian Trade, or "Office of Indian Trade" within the War Department. This position was held by Thomas L. McKenney, who was charged with maintaining the factory trading network of the fur trade. With abolition of the factory system in 1822, the U.S. government licensed traders to have some control in tribal territories and gained the government a share of any trade.
By the Treaty of 1818, following from the War of 1812, Great Britain and the United States established the 49th parallel as the border west to the Continental Divide of the Rocky mountains; but agreed to joint control and occupancy of Oregon Country.
In 1824, Russia signed an agreement with the U.S. acknowledging it had no claims south of 54-40 latitude north and Russia signed a similar treaty with Britain in 1825.
On March 11, 1824 the Bureau of Indian Affairs was formed by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, who created the agency as a division within his department, without authorization from the United States Congress. Calhoun appointed McKenney. McKenney preferred to call it the "Indian Office"; the current name preferred by Calhoun.
In 1858 Thomas Mercer was elected probate judge and held the position for ten consecutive years. In 1860 the first U.S. Federal government survey made had named the island Mercer's Island -- a year before Asa Mercer arrived in Seattle. Mercer Island was named after one of the Mercer brothers Thomas, Asa or Aaron Jr. - but historians don't agree on which one.
None lived on the island. Asa Shinn Mercer was the first president of the Territorial University of Washington and a member of the Washington State Senate.
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party) was founded in 1854
by opponents of the Kansas–Nebraska Act,
which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into the western territories.
 |
| Abraham Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849 he returned to his law practice. The Whigs emerged in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson, pulling together former members of the National Republican Party, the Anti-Masonic Party, and disaffected Democrats. The modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. |
Abraham Lincoln reentered politics in 1854, becoming a leader in the new Republican GOP, and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas. Lincoln ran for President in 1860, sweeping the North in victory.
Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North's rejection of their right to practice slavery, and southern states began seceding from the union. To secure its independence, the new Confederate States fired on Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in the South, and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union.
From 1861 to 1865 the American Civil War in the United States was fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America.
As the leader of moderate Republicans, Lincoln had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents on both sides.
War Democrats rallied a large faction of former opponents into his moderate camp.
Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised him;
pro-Confederate elements plotted his assassination.
Lincoln managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, by carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the U.S. people. His Gettysburg Address became a historic clarion call for nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy.
Lincoln engineered the end to slavery with his Emancipation Proclamation and his order that the Army protect and recruit former slaves. He also encouraged border states to outlaw slavery, and promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery across the country.
On April 14, 1865, just days after the war's end at Appomattox,
Lincoln was attending a play at Ford's Theatre with his wife Mary when he was assassinated by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.
From 1861 to 1865 the American Civil War in the United States was fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War was a result of the long-standing controversy over the U.S. enslavement of black people
In 1865, passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ends legal Slavery. From 1865 to 1877, the Reconstruction era was the period after the American Civil War, during which the United States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determining the legal status of African Americans.
In 1876 the Statue of Liberty construction was underway in New York, to be completed in 1886.
In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States immigration law passed to prevent Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States
In 1893, James J. Hill (1838-1916) -- a Canadian-American and majority owner of Northern Pacific Railway, chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway -- began looking for a source of labor other than Chinese workers. Hill sent emissaries to the Pacific who found that Japan had the most potential in the market of "Oriental Trade," and he decided to capitalize on this opportunity.
World War I began in 1914
In 1915, DW Griffith’s movie, Birth of a Nation, glorified the KKK
November 11, 1918 World War I ends
When black soldiers returned from World War I military duty in France, they were attacked during the “Red Summer” as resentful whites instigated riots in at least 34 cities, from Chicago and Washington, DC to Memphis and Charleston. Their goal was to put men who had received France’s Croix de Guerre back in their place as the Klan had done after Reconstruction. The NAACP investigated. During the succeeding decades – through the Depression, the New Deal and World War II – the pendulum continued to swing between progress and setbacks.
A riot in Chicago in 1919 was a violent racial conflict started by white Americans against black Americans that began on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois on July 27, and ended on August 3, 1919. During the riot, thirty-eight people died.
August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was finally ratified, enfranchising all American women and declaring for the first time that they, like men, deserve all the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has been recognized as a major form of musical expression in traditional and popular music, linked by the common bonds of African-American and Euro-American musical parentage. Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with roots in blues and ragtime.
On May 31 and June 1, 1921 the Tulsa race massacre took place when mobs of white residents, many of them deputized and given weapons by city officials, attacked and killed many black residents and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census.
On December 10, 1924 the Society for Human Rights, the first gay rights organization as well as the oldest documented in America, is founded by Henry Gerber in Chicago. Soon after its founding, the society disbands due to political pressure.
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across the world; in most countries, it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s. In 1935 the original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
The German American Bund, or German American Federation (German: Amerikadeutscher Bund; Amerikadeutscher Volksbund, AV), was a German-American Nazi organization established in 1936 to succeed Friends of New Germany (FoNG)
The new name was chosen to emphasize consisting only of American citizens of German descent. Its main goal was to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany.
On February 20, 1939, the Bund held an “Americanization” rally in New York’s Madison Square Garden, denouncing Jewish conspiracies, President Roosevelt, and others. The rally, attended by 20,000 supporters and members, was protested by huge crowds of anti-Nazis, who were held back by 1,500 NYC police officers.
September 1st 1939 World War II began; Adolf Hitler launched an invasion of
As World War II began in 1939, the German American Bund fell apart, many of its assets were seized, and its leader arrested for embezzlement, and later deported to Germany.
Poland
Indian termination was the policy of the United States from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. It was shaped by a series of laws and policies with the intent of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society, ending the U.S. Federal government's recognition of sovereignty of tribes, trusteeship over Indian reservations, and the exclusion of state law's applicability to native persons.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943, which allowed 105 Chinese to enter per year.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped its first atomic bomb from a B-29 bomber plane called the Enola Gay over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The bomb named “Little Boy” exploded with about 13 kilotons of force, leveling five square miles of the city and killing 80,000 people instantly.
September 2, 1945 World War II ends after German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945
December 15, 1950 a United States Senate report titled "Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government" is distributed to members of Congress after the federal government had covertly investigated employees' sexual orientation at the beginning of the Cold War. The report states since homosexuality is a mental illness, homosexuals "constitute security risks" to the nation because "those who engage in overt acts of perversion lack the emotional stability of normal persons." Over the previous few years, more than 4,380 gay men and women had been discharged from the military and around 500 fired from their jobs with the government. The purging will become known as the "lavender scare."
June 1950 The Korean War began following insurrections in the South which were backed by the Communist North, when North Korea invaded South Korea. Unofficially ended on 27 July 1953 in an armistice.
Passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 upheld the national origins quota system established by the Immigration Act of 1924, reinforcing this controversial system of immigrant selection. It also ended Asian exclusion from immigrating to the United States and introduced a system of preferences based on skill sets and family reunification.
On April 27, 1953, President Dwight Eisenhower signs Executive Order 10450, banning homosexuals from working for the federal government or any of its private contractors. The Order lists homosexuals as security risks, along with "alcoholics" and "neurotics".
On November 28, 1953, Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (1910 – 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dosed with LSD by his colleague, Sidney Gottlieb (head of the CIA's MKUltra program) and, nine days later, plunged to his death from the window of the Hotel Statler. The U.S. government first described his death as a suicide, and then as misadventure, while others allege murder. The Rockefeller Commission report on the CIA in 1975 acknowledged their having conducted drug studies.
In 1954 the Bureau of Indian Affairs responsibilities -- originally including providing health care to American Indians and Alaska Natives -- was transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now known as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), and it is now known as the Indian Health Service.
On November 1st 1955 the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, (and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War), began as a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
On August 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident, also known as the USS Maddox incident, involved a fabricated confrontation between ships of North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. After this false flag incident, the United States fought in Vietnam until 1975. Malcolm X is assassinated February 21, 1965, in Manhattan, NY at age 39 (1925 – 1965).
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, required equal access to public places and employment, and enforced desegregation of schools and the right to vote.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the National Origins Formula.
Medicare a national health insurance program in the United States, begins in 1966 under the Social Security Administration
Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN at age 39 (1929–1968).
July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. The first steps by humans on another planetary body were taken by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
In 1972 Stevie Wonder releases of Music of My Mind and Talking Book
From 1972 to 1974 The Watergate scandal was a political scandal in the United States involving the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon that led to Nixon's resignation The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continuous attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C. Watergate Office Building.
After the five perpetrators were arrested, the press and the U.S. Justice Department connected the cash found on them at the time to the Nixon re-election campaign committee.
Witnesses testified that the president had approved plans to cover up administration involvement in the break-in, and that there was a voice-activated taping system in the Oval Office. Throughout the investigation, the administration resisted its probes, which led to a constitutional crisis.
On June 22nd 1972 Martha Mitchell (September 2, 1918 – May 31, 1976) was the wife of John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General under President Richard Nixon. She made a late-night phone call to Helen Thomas of the United Press, reportedly Mitchell's favorite reporter. Mitchell informed Thomas of her intention to leave her husband until he resigned from the Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP).
The phone call, however, abruptly ended. When Thomas called back, the hotel operator told her that Mitchell was "indisposed" and would not be able to talk. Thomas then called John, who seemed unconcerned and said, "[Martha] gets a little upset about politics, but she loves me and I love her and that’s what counts." In her subsequent report of the incident, Thomas said that it was apparent someone had taken the phone from Mitchell's hand and the woman could be heard saying "You just get away."
A few days later, Marcia Kramer, a veteran crime reporter of the New York Daily News, tracked Mitchell to the Westchester Country Club in Rye, New York. Kramer found "a beaten woman" who had "incredible" black and blue marks on her arms. In what turned out to be the first of many interviews, Mitchell related how in the week following the Watergate burglary, she had been held captive in that California hotel and that it was Stephen King that had pulled the phone cord from the wall.
Stephen B. King (born July 4, 1941) is an American businessman serving as United States Ambassador to the Czech Republic (@USAmbPrague) since 2017. King joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1967.
In 1972, King was named Special Assistant to Earl Butz, the US Secretary of Agriculture.
In June 1972, at the time of the Watergate complex break-in, Mitchell contended that she had been held in her room against her will by King, during which time he used physical force to prevent her from speaking to the press and restrained her while she was injected with a sedative.
The plot to hold Mrs. Mitchell was later confirmed by James McCord, one of the Watergate burglars; King has not denied his involvement in Mrs. Mitchell's confinement, but disputes parts of her story.
He also gets to change his wikipedia pages to protect himself from scrutiny.
President Donald Trump appointed King as Ambassador to Czech Republic in 2017.
Paul Manafort and Roger Stone both worked together in this Nixon era, and you'll hear Karl Rove did as well. The GOP has been conspiring since Lincoln.
April 30th 1975, the Vietnam war ends
The 1976 Indian Health Care Improvement Act Title V and Title V of the Indian Health Care Amendment of 1980 increased access to healthcare Native Americans living in urban areas. The IHS now contracts with urban Indian health organizations in various US cities in order to expand outreach, referral services, and comprehensive healthcare services.
On August 8th 1978 during the arrest of Delbert Africa, one of nine MOVE members convicted of third-degree murder following a 1978 standoff with police that left an officer dead, police were filmed kicking and beating Delbert as he surrendered for arrest with resisting. Delbert Africa had been released from prison just five months prior to his death at age 74 in 2017, after he served 42 years behind bars
On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. The students were in support of the Iranian Revolution.
Mount St. Helens is notorious for its major eruption on May 18, 1980, the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Fifty-seven people were killed.
May 13, 1985, continues to haunt the city of Philadelphia. It's the day police dropped a bomb on a house along Osage Avenue, occupied by members of a group called MOVE. Eleven people were killed, including five children. Two city blocks were burned and 61 homes were destroyed. That incident continues to have the distinction of being the only aerial bombing by police carried out on US soil.
The first commercial Internet Service Provider in the United States was The World, which launched in 1989.
In the late 1980s, Nirvana established itself as part of the Seattle grunge scene, releasing its first album, Bleach, for the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989. Nirvana found unexpected mainstream success with "Smells Like Teen Spirit", the first single from their landmark second album Nevermind (1991). A cultural phenomenon of the 1990s, the album went on to be certified Diamond by the RIAA.
From 1989 to 1993, George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, Bush also served as the 43rd vice president from 1981 to 1989, in the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, and as Director of Central Intelligence.
Aug 2, 1990 – Feb 28, 1991 The Gulf War, code name Operation Desert Shield, for defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm, in combat phase, was a war waged by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA (42 U.S.C. § 12101) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. Unlike the Civil Rights Act, ADA requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations. The final version was signed into law July 26, 1990, by President George H. W. Bush, later amended in 2008 and signed by President George W. Bush with changes effective as of January 1, 2009.
In the mid-1990s, AOL was one of the early pioneers of the Internet, and the most recognized brand on the web in the United States. It originally provided a dial-up service to millions of Americans, as well as providing a web portal, e-mail, instant messaging and later a web browser following its purchase of Netscape.
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a mass slaughter of Tutsi, Twa, and moderate Hutu in Rwanda, (also known as Ruanda), which took place between 7 April and 15 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Intelligence reports indicate that United States president Bill Clinton and his cabinet were aware before the height of the massacre that a "final solution to eliminate all Tutsis" was planned. However, fear of a repeat of the October 1993 events in Somalia shaped US policy at the time, with many commentators identifying the graphic consequences of the Battle of Mogadishu as the key reason behind the US's failure to intervene in later conflicts such as the Rwandan genocide.
On April 20, 1999 a shooting inside a high school in Colorado became nationwide news. 15 students died
After the 2000 election where he lost the popular vote but was awarded the Presidency, from 2001 to 2009 George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) was the 43rd president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush.
September 11, 2001 a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda against the United States began on the morning of Tuesday, resulting in the collapse of New York City's "Twin Towers" and resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over 25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences.
On October 7, 2001, a U.S.-led coalition begins attacks on Taliban-controlled Afghanistan with an intense bombing campaign by American and British forces. The war continues currently.
Established by President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror, Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Indefinite detention without trial and torture have led the operations of this camp to be considered a major breach of human rights by Amnesty International and a violation of Due Process Clause of the Fifth and Fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution.
On March 18th, 2003 the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition overthrows the government of Saddam Hussein, later finds him hiding, and hangs him to death after a "trial". NSA publications from 2005 proved that the US government lied to justify a war against Vietnam during the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964.
From 2009 to 2017 Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii) an American politician and attorney, served as the 44th president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the United States. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004. President Barack Obama, promised that he would close Guantanamo , but met strong bipartisan opposition from the US Congress, which passed laws to prohibit detainees from being imprisoned in the U.S. During President Obama's administration, the number of inmates was reduced from about 245 to 41; most former detainees were freed and transferred to other countries.
A 2010 report by Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Chairman Byron Dorgan, D-N.D., found that the Aberdeen Area of the IHS is in a "chronic state of crisis"... "Serious management problems and a lack of oversight of this region have adversely affected the access and quality of health care provided to Native Americans in the Aberdeen Area, which serves 18 tribes in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Iowa,"
On March 23, 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and commonly known as Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama
In 2016 Donald Trump lost the popular presidential vote, just like George W. Bush in 2000, but was also awarded the Presidency to appoint his family and friends to profiteer as much as possible.
Stephen B. King (born July 4, 1941) is an American businessman and political activist serving as the United States Ambassador to the Czech Republic since 2017. King was a security agent in 1972 for the Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP), assigned to abduct, hold, and drug Martha Mitchell in a hotel room in California, to prevent her from learning and exposing more about the Watergate break-in.
On the evening of October 1, 2017, a 64-year-old man from Mesquite, Nevada, opened fire from his hotel room upon the crowd of concert goers in Las Vegas, Nevada, killing 60.
In January 2018, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order to keep Guantanamo detention camp open indefinitely. In May 2018, the first prisoner was transferred during Trump's term. 40 detainees remain at Guantanamo Bay.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified December 2019 in China. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020.
In all of 2020, "President" Donald J. Trump continues to do nothing to help anyone but himself. He lost the election because he is a loser.
No comments:
Post a Comment